Spanish grammar - Rules for forming plural nouns - Part 1

Rules for forming plural nouns - Part 1

In Spanish, the formation of plural nouns follows specific rules based on the ending of the singular form of the noun.

If the noun ends with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) we simply add -s.

-- So libro (book) ⇒ libros (books)

And if the noun ends in a consonant, we simply add -es.

-- So árbol (tree) ⇒ árboles (trees)

This topic also introduces the numbers 'one' to 'twenty'

Note that the number 'one' varies according to the gender of the counted object - un for masculine and una for feminine. All numbers that end with 'one' also change in this way. So 'twenty-one' is veintiún (m) and veintiuna (f).

Examples:
	un español - dos españoles one Spaniard (masculine) - two Spaniards (masculine) español (ends in a consonant so add es) ⇒ españoles una means 'one (feminine)' dos means 'two'
	una española - dos españolas one Spaniard (feminine) - two Spaniards (feminine) española (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ españolas
	una escuela - dos escuelas one school - two schools escuela (f) means 'school' escuela (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ escuelas
	una universidad - tres universidades one university - three universities universidad (f) means 'university' universidad (ends in a consonant so add es) ⇒ universidades tres means 'three'
	un hombre - cuatro hombres one man - four men hombre (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ hombres un means 'one (masculine)' cuatro means 'four'
	una mujer - cinco mujeres one woman - five women mujer (ends in a consonant so add es) ⇒ mujeres cinco means 'five'
	una casa - seis casas one house - six houses casa (f) means 'house' casa (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ casas seis means 'six'
	un país - siete países one country - seven countries país (m) means 'country' país (ends in a consonant so add es) ⇒ países siete means 'seven'
	un año - ocho años one year - eight years año (m) means 'year' año (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ años ocho means 'eight'
	una cosa - nueve cosas one thing - nine things cosa (f) means 'thing' cosa (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ cosas nueve means 'nine'
	una parte - diez partes one part - ten parts parte (f) means 'part' parte (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ partes diez means 'ten'
	un trabajo - once trabajos one job - eleven jobs trabajo (m) means 'job' trabajo (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ trabajos once means 'eleven'
	una persona - doce personas one person - twelve people persona (f) means 'person' persona (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ personas doce means 'twelve'
	una vez - trece veces one time - thirteen times vez (f) means 'time' vez (ends in a z so change to ces) ⇒ veces trece means 'thirteen'
	una hora - catorce horas one hour - fourteen hours hora (f) means 'hour' hora (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ horas catorce means 'fourteen'
	un lugar - quince lugares one place - fifteen places lugar (m) means 'place' lugar (ends in a consonant so add es) ⇒ lugares quince means 'fifteen'
	un árbol - dieciséis árboles one tree - sixteen trees árbol (m) means 'tree' árbol (ends in a consonant so add es) ⇒ árboles dieciséis means 'sixteen'
	un animal - diecisiete animales one animal - seventeen animals animal (m) means 'animal' animal (ends in a consonant so add es) ⇒ animales diecisiete means 'seventeen'
	una flor - dieciocho flores one flower - eighteen flowers flor (f) means 'flower' flor (ends in a consonant so add es) ⇒ flores dieciocho means 'eighteen'
	un color - diecinueve colores one color - nineteen colors color (m) means 'color' color (ends in a consonant so add es) ⇒ colores diecinueve means 'nineteen'
	un euro - veinte euros one euro - twenty euros euro (m) means 'euro' euro (ends in a vowel so add s) ⇒ euros veinte means 'twenty'