Russian grammar - Passive Voice |
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The passive voice form reverses the subject-object in a sentence. It is also used to obscure the subject. -- So rather than 'He did that' the passive voice form is: 'That was done by him'. The passive voice facilitates removing the subject completely: 'That was done'. The verb is used in its passive particle form. The past tense passive particle is formed depending on the (perfective) verb ending: • -ать/-ять ⇒-н (eg. написать ⇒ написан) • -ить ⇒-ен/ён (eg. построить ⇒ построен) • -ыть ⇒-т (eg. открыть ⇒ открыт) When the (inverted) subject ('it was done BY so and so') is included, we use the instrumental form. |
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Когда был построен этот замок?
When was this castle built?
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Окна были открыты сегодня утром.
The windows were opened this morning.
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Дверь была заперта до того, как мы ушли.
The door was locked before we left.
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Этот памятник был построен коммунистами.
This monument was constructed by the Communists.
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Бефстроганов был изобретен в России в 1861 году.
Beef Stroganoff was invented in Russia in 1861.
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Кукла была потеряна в саду много лет назад.
The doll was lost in the garden many years ago.
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Кукла была найдена в саду.
The doll was found in the garden.
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Дом был продан по очень низкой цене.
The house was sold for a very low price.
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Она не была приглашена на вечеринку.
She was not invited to the party.
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История старого солдата была забыта на долгие годы.
The story of the old solider was forgotten for many years.
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Кем были написаны эти стихи?
By whom were these poems written?
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Кем была отправлена эта открытка?
By whom was this card sent?
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