Korean grammar - The Past Tense - 았/었어요 |
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Pattern: Verb stem + 았어요/었어요 The past tense of a verb is formed by attaching either 았어요 or 었어요 to the Verb stem: • If the final vowel in the Verb stem isㅏ,ㅑ,ㅗ or ㅛ we use 았어요. • If final vowel is one of the other vowels, we use 었어요. If the final letter of the Verb stem is a vowel then we merge contiguous vowels: -- So for example 가 + 았어요 ⇒ 갔어요, 오 + 았다 => 왔다, 끼 + 었어요 ⇒ 꼈어요. • If the Verb stem's final letter is ㅂ then remove the ㅂ and add 웠어요. -- So for example 춥다 (to be cold) ⇒ 추웠어요 (was cold). |
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시험을 못 봤어요.
(I) did not pass the exam.
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미나가 스키를 탔어요.
Mina skied.
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어머니는 가게에 갔어요.
(My) mother went to the store.
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그는 언제 왔어요?
When did he come?
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그녀는 한국어를 어떻게 배웠어요?
How did she learn Korean?
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장갑을 꼈어요.
(I) put on gloves.
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민준이는 불을 못 켰어요.
Minjun couldn't turn on the light.
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어제는 날씨가 좋았어요.
Yesterday the weather was nice.
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우리는 공원에 앉았어요.
We sat in the park.
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케이크를 못 만들었어요.
I could not make cake.
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친구가 죽었어요.
A friend died.
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소원은 밥을 못 먹었어요.
Suwon could not eat the rice.
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저는 책을 읽었어요.
I read (past tense) a book.
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경찰관은 달렸어요.
The policeman ran.
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건물이 무너졌어요.
A building collapsed.
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병이 깨졌어요.
A bottle is broken.
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물이 차가웠어요.
The water was cold (to the touch).
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지난겨울은 추웠어요.
Last winter was cold.
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가방은 무거웠어요.
The bag was heavy.
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