Korean grammar - Honorific markers, particles and verbs - 께서 & 께 |
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In addition to the honorific verb particle, there are two special honorific markers that are used to show respect. • 께서 (honorific subject marker) in place of 이/가 • 께 (honorific dative particle) in place of 에게 (to someone) Additionally there are many honorific verbs that should be used when showing respect to the person doing these verbs. A few are: • 계시다 in place of 있다 (to be in a location, to exist, to have) • 드시다 in place of 먹다 (to eat) • 주무시다 in place of 자다 (to sleep) • 말씀하다 in place of 말하다 (to speak) And there is 드리다 (to give) in place of 주다 which is used when the speaker is giving/doing something to/for the respected person. |
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할아버지께 연락드릴 거예요.
(I) will contact (my) grandfather. 께 - honorific dative particle |
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어머님께 온 편지가 있어요.
There is a letter (came) for (my) mother. 께 - honorific dative particle |
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교수님께서 교실에 계세요.
The professor is in the classroom. 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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아버지께서 집에 계셔요.
Father is at home. 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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잘 주무셨어요?
Did (you) sleep well? 주무시다 in place of 자다 (to sleep) |
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아버지께서 지금 주무시고 있어요.
Father is sleeping now. 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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할아버지께서 여기에 계신지 몰랐어요.
(I) didn’t know you (grandpa) were here. 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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교수님께서 빨리하라고 말씀하셨어요.
The professor said to do it fast. 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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할아버지께 사과를 드렸어요.
(I) gave an apple to (my) grandfather. 께 - honorific dative particle |
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창문을 열어 드릴게요.
(I) will open the window for (you). 드리다 in place of 주다 (to give) |
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선생님께서 하시는 말씀을 잘 들었어요?
Did you listen (well/carefully) to what your teacher said? 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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부모님께서 은행에 가셨어요
My parents went to the bank. 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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할아버지께서 옛날에 베를린에서 사셨어요.
(My) grandfather lived in Berlin a long time ago. 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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할머니께서 집에 가셨어요.
(Our) grandmother went home. 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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선생님께서 저에게 사과를 주셨어요.
The teacher gave me an apple. 께서 - honorific subject marker |
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할머니, 맛있게 드세요.
Grandma, enjoy your meal. 드시다 in place of 먹다 (to eat) |
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할아버지께서는 지금 집에 안 계세요.
Grandfather is not at home right now. 께서 - honorific subject marker Note the pairing of the honorific subject marker with the topic marker - there is no honorific topic marker |
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그 분께서는 선생님이세요.
That person is a teacher. 께서 - honorific subject marker Note the pairing of the honorific subject marker with the topic marker - there is no honorific topic marker |
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제가 이따가 선생님께 드릴게요.
I will give (it) to teacher later. 께 - honorific dative particle |
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아버님께서는 비가 오고 있다고 말씀했어요.
(My) father said it was raining. 말씀하다 in place of 말하다 (to speak) 아버님 (honorific) means 'father' |
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어머님께서는 천천히 먹으라고 말씀했어요.
My mother told (me) to eat slowly. 말씀하다 in place of 말하다 (to speak) 어머님 (honorific) means 'mother' |
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할머니께서는 주무시고 계시다.
Grandma is sleeping. 주무시고 계시다 in place of 자고 있다 |
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