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Chinese grammar - Duplication

Duplication

Duplication (or reduplication) is a common grammatical feature in Chinese.

It is used to create emphasis, soften the tone, express repetition, or indicate a casual or diminutive manner.

It is common when using (de) to form adverbs and is used to emphasize the manner.

Examples:
他慢慢地吃。
tā mànmàn de chī.
He eats slowly.

慢慢 (mànmàn) means 'slow'

他慢慢地走。
tā mànmàn de zǒu.
He walks slowly.
她高高兴兴地笑。
tā gāogāoxìngxìng de xiào.
She laughs happily.

高高兴兴 (gāogāo xìngxìng) means 'very happy'

他轻轻地敲门。
tā qīngqīng de qiāomén.
He knocks on the door lightly.

敲门 (qiāo mén) means 'to knock on the door'

她紧紧地握住他的手。
tā jǐnjǐn de wòzhù tā de shǒu.
She holds his hand tightly.

紧紧 (jǐnjǐn) means 'tightly'

握住 (wòzhù) means 'to hold'

他们匆匆忙忙地离开了。
tāmen cōngcōng#mángmáng de líkāi le.
They left hurriedly.

匆匆忙忙 (máng) means 'busy'

她认认真真地听老师讲课。
tā rènrènzhēnzhēn de tīng lǎoshī jiǎngkè.
She earnestly listens to the teacher giving a lecture.

认认真真 (rènrèn zhēnzhēn) means 'very seriously'

讲课 (jiǎngkè) means 'to give a lecture' or 'to teach a class'

他静静地坐在椅子上。
tā jìngjìng de zuò zài yǐzi shàng.
He sits quietly on the chair.

静静 (jìngjìng) means 'quietly'

她甜甜地笑。
tā tiántián de xiào.
She smiles sweetly.

甜甜 (tiántián) means 'sweetly'