{"id":339,"date":"2022-03-13T22:26:24","date_gmt":"2022-03-13T22:26:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/declansoftware.com\/blog\/?p=339"},"modified":"2022-03-13T22:26:24","modified_gmt":"2022-03-13T22:26:24","slug":"bootstrapping-russian-grammar-lesson-one-personal-pronouns-and-the-verb-to-be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/2022\/03\/bootstrapping-russian-grammar-lesson-one-personal-pronouns-and-the-verb-to-be\/","title":{"rendered":"Bootstrapping Russian: Grammar Lesson One: Personal pronouns. And the verb &#8216;to be&#8217;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Russian Grammar Lesson 1:\u00a0<strong>Personal pronouns. And the verb &#8216;to be&#8217;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Russian personal pronouns are: *\u044f* (I), *\u043e\u043d* (he), *\u043e\u043d\u0430* (she), *\u043c\u044b* (we), *\u0432\u044b * (you, plural), *\u043e\u043d\u0438* (they).<\/li><li>The pronoun &#8216;you&#8217; (singular second person) depends on formality. This is introduced in the next topic.<\/li><li>The Russian verb &#8216;to be&#8217; is omitted in the present tense. This might seem strange at first.<\/li><li>In phrases like &#8216;A is B&#8217;, when both A and B are nouns, a dash &#8216;\u2014&#8217; is used in place of the verb &#8216;to be&#8217;.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>NOTE : Russian has no concept of articles like &#8216;a&#8217; and &#8216;the&#8217;. We rely on context for this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>EXAMPLES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u042f \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/strong>\u00a0(I am a\/the teacher.) <br>[The article could be &#8216;a&#8217; or &#8216;the&#8217; from the context.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u042f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439.<\/strong>\u00a0(I am Russian (male).) <br>[\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 (masculine adjective) means &#8216;Russian&#8217; .]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d?<\/strong>\u00a0(Who is he?) <br>[\u041a\u0442\u043e means &#8216;who&#8217;; Note that the word order here is flexible &#8211; <strong>\u041e\u043d \u043a\u0442\u043e?<\/strong> is equally acceptable.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043d \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439.<\/strong>&nbsp;(He is Sergei.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043c.<\/strong>\u00a0(He is (over) there.) <br>[\u0442\u0430\u043c means &#8216;over there&#8217;.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043da?<\/strong>&nbsp;(Who is she?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430.<\/strong>&nbsp;(She is Olga?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043da \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c.<\/strong>&nbsp;(She is here.) [\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c means &#8216;here&#8217;.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435?<\/strong>&nbsp;(Where are they?) [\u0433\u0434\u0435 means &#8216;where&#8217;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430.<\/strong>\u00a0(They are at home?) <br>[\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 mens &#8216;at home&#8217; from the word \u0434\u043e\u043c which means &#8216;house&#8217; or &#8216;home&#8217;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430?<\/strong>\u00a0(Are Sergei and Olga at home?) <br>[\u0438 means &#8216;and&#8217;.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0414\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430.<\/strong>\u00a0(Yes, they are home?) <br>[\u0434\u0430 mean &#8216;yes&#8217;.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/strong>\u00a0(Victor is a driver.) <br>[Notice the use of a dash &#8216;\u2014&#8217; when using &#8216;to be&#8217; with two nouns (and no pronoun).]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440.<\/strong>\u00a0(Olga is a professor. ) <br>[Notice the use of a dash &#8216;\u2014&#8217; when using &#8216;to be&#8217; with two nouns (and no pronoun).]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0422\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f?<\/strong>\u00a0(Is Tatiana Russian (female)?) <br>[\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f (feminine adjective means &#8216;Russian&#8217; ); No dash is required when a noun is used in combination with an adjective.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d?<\/strong>\u00a0(Where is Ivan?) <br>[Note that \u0433\u0434\u0435 can come either before or after the subject; Note that the word order here is flexible &#8211; <strong><strong>\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0433\u0434\u0435?<\/strong><\/strong> is equally acceptable.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d.<\/strong>\u00a0(Here is Ivan.) <br>[\u0432\u043e\u0442 means &#8216;here is&#8217; &#8211; like the French &#8216;voil\u00e0&#8217;]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043c.\/\u0422\u0430\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439.<\/strong>&nbsp;(The museum is (over) there.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0412\u044b \u0433\u0434\u0435?<\/strong>\u00a0(Where are you (plural)?)<br>[Note that the word order here is flexible &#8211; <strong><strong><strong>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u044b?<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong> is equally acceptable.]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Russian Grammar Lesson 1:\u00a0Personal pronouns. And the verb &#8216;to be&#8217; The Russian personal pronouns are: *\u044f* (I), *\u043e\u043d* (he), *\u043e\u043d\u0430* (she), *\u043c\u044b* (we), *\u0432\u044b * (you, plural), *\u043e\u043d\u0438* (they). The pronoun &#8216;you&#8217; (singular second person) depends on formality. This is introduced in the next topic. The Russian verb &#8216;to be&#8217; is omitted in the present<a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/2022\/03\/bootstrapping-russian-grammar-lesson-one-personal-pronouns-and-the-verb-to-be\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;Bootstrapping Russian: Grammar Lesson One: Personal pronouns. And the verb &#8216;to be&#8217;&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-russian-grammar-lessons","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=339"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.declansoftware.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}